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Bodymassindex (BMI)

Ob jemand übergewichtig oder fettsüchtig ist, ermitteln Mediziner anhand des Body-Mass-Index (BMI). Dieser Wert entspricht dem Körpergewicht in Kilogramm geteilt durch das Quadrat der Körpergröße in Metern. Ein Beispiel: Ein 1,80 Meter großer Mann wiegt 75 Kilogramm. Sein BMI beträgt 75 : 1,80² = 23,15. Als Idealwert gilt bei Frauen ein BMI von 22, bei Männern ein BMI von 24.

Alter BMI 19-24 Jahre 19-24 25-34 Jahre 20-25 35-44 Jahre 21-26 45-54 Jahre 22-27 55-64 Jahre 23-28 >64 Jahre 24-29

Klassifikation männl. weibl. Untergewicht unter 20 unter 19 Normalgewicht 20-25 19-24 Übergewicht 25-30 24-30 Adipositas 30-40 30-40 massive Adipositas über 40 über 40

Die Zahl der fettleibigen Menschen weltweit hat sich in den vergangenen dreißig Jahren nahezu verdoppelt - und zwar auf eine halbe Milliarde. Im Jahr 2008 waren geschätzte 205 Millionen Männer und 297 Millionen Frauen auf der Welt fettleibig gewesen

Quellen

• National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants
  Mariel M Finucane, Gretchen A Stevens, Melanie J Cowan, Goodarz Danaei, John K Lin, Christopher J Paciorek, Gitanjali M Singh, Hialy R Gutierrez, Yuan Lu, Adil N Bahalim, Farshad Farzadfar, Leanne M Riley, Majid Ezzati
  
  The Lancet 04 February 2011(Article in Press DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62037-5)
  
  Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (960 country-years and 9·1 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean BMI by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative. Between 1980 and 2008, mean BMI worldwide increased by 0·4 kg/m2per decade (95% uncertainty interval 0·2–0·6, posterior probability of being a true increase >0·999) for men and 0·5 kg/m2per decade (0·3–0·7, posterior probability >0·999) for women. National BMI change for women ranged from non-significant decreases in 19 countries to increases of more than 2·0 kg/m2per decade (posterior probabilities >0·99) in nine countries in Oceania. Male BMI increased in all but eight countries, by more than 2 kg/m2per decade in Nauru and Cook Islands (posterior probabilities >0·999). Male and female BMIs in 2008 were highest in some Oceania countries, reaching 33·9 kg/m2(32·8–35·0) for men and 35·0 kg/m2(33·6–36·3) for women in Nauru. Female BMI was lowest in Bangladesh (20·5 kg/m2, 19·8–21·3) and male BMI in Democratic Republic of the Congo 19·9 kg/m2(18·2–21·5), with BMI less than 21·5 kg/m2for both sexes in a few countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and east, south, and southeast Asia. The USA had the highest BMI of high-income countries. In 2008, an estimated 1·46 billion adults (1·41–1·51 billion) worldwide had BMI of 25 kg/m2or greater, of these 205 million men (193–217 million) and 297 million women (280–315 million) were obese. Globally, mean BMI has increased since 1980. The trends since 1980, and mean population BMI in 2008, varied substantially between nations. Interventions and policies that can curb or reverse the increase, and mitigate the health effects of high BMI by targeting its metabolic mediators, are needed in most countries. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.

• Eine Halbe Milliarde Menschen ist fettleibig, SPIEGEL Online

Bildquelle

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Weblinks

• http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-Mass-Index

Seite zuletzt aktualisiert am 28.04.2013